相干测风激光雷达研究进展和应用 
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Research Progress and Application of Coherent Wind Lidar
1 中国科学技术大学地球和空间科学学院, 安徽 合肥 230026
2 中国科学院近地空间环境重点实验室, 安徽 合肥 230026
图 & 表
图 1. 相干多普勒激光雷达示意图
Fig. 1. Coherent Doppler lidar schematic
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图 2. 不同天顶角下可见光到近红外波段的大气透过率
Fig. 2. Transmittance of the atmosphere from visible light to near infrared bands at different zenith angles
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图 3. 近红外波段激光增益介质和人眼最大曝光率示意图
Fig. 3. Laser gain medium and human eye maximum exposure rate in the near infrared band
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图 4. 光纤损耗与波长的关系
Fig. 4. Relationship between fiber loss and wavelength
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图 5. 太阳辐射与激光波长之间关系图
Fig. 5. Relationship between solar radiation and laser wavelength
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图 6. NASA相干激光雷达装置图及风速测量结果图。(a)相干激光雷达装置图;(b)风速测量结果
Fig. 6. NASA coherent lidar installation diagram and wind velocity measurement results. (a) Lidar prototype; (b) wind speed measurement results
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图 7. 三菱电机公司机载雷达风速测量结果。(a)风速结果;(b)垂直加速度的周期性变化;(c)室外温度的周期性变化
Fig. 7. Mitsubishi electric corporation airborne lidar wind velocity measurement results. (a) Results of wind velocity; (b) periodic change in vertical acceleration; (c) periodic change in outside air temperature
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图 8. 不同雷达的风速测量结果。(a)微波雷达;(b) Leosphere公司相干雷达
Fig. 8. Wind velocity measurement results of different radars. (a) Microwave radar; (b) Leosphere coherent lidar
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图 9. Halo-Photonics公司机载雷达风速测量结果边界层反演结果。(a)相干激光雷达后向散射系数;(b)垂直风速标准差;(c)垂直风速;(d)垂直速度偏度
Fig. 9. Halo-Photonics airborne lidar wind measurement results and boundary layer inversion results. (a) Coherent lidar backscatter coefficient; (b) vertical velocity standard deviation; (c) vertical velocity; (d) vertical velocity skewness
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图 10. 中国科学技术大学全光纤测风激光雷达及风速风向测量结果。(a)相干激光雷达样机;(b)利用单平衡探测器从S态和P态反散射反演得到的风速,插图表示S态和P态之间的速度差;(c)水平风速;(d)水平风向
Fig. 10. All-fiber coherent wind lidar of USTC and results of wind velocity and direction. (a) Coherent lidar prototype; (b) wind velocity retrieved from both S and P states backscattering by single balanced detector, in which the inset shows the difference in velocity between S and P states; (c) horizontal wind speed; (d) horizontal wind direction
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图 11. 1.5 μm激光雷达研究机构探测距离及脉冲能量指标
Fig. 11. Detection distance and pulse energy parameters of 1.5 μm lidar research institutions
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图 12. NOAA相干激光雷达风速测量结果。(a)径向风速数据;(b)对应的相对后向散射强度
Fig. 12. NOAA lidar wind velocity measurement results. (a) Radial velocity data; (b) corresponding relative backscatter intensity profile
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图 13. NASA相干激光雷达风速风向测量结果。(a)风速;(b)风向
Fig. 13. NASA lidar wind velocity and wind direction results measurement results. (a) Wind velocity; (b) wind direction
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图 14. 中国香港九龙天文台测得的风切变
Fig. 14. Wind shear detected by Kowloon Observatory, Hong Kong, China
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图 15. ONERA测得的飞机涡流。(a)尾流涡模型径向速度;(b)平均速度三维视图
Fig. 15. Aircraft wake vortex detected by ONERA. (a) Radial velocity of wake vortex model; (b) 3D view of mean velocity images
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图 16. 垂直风速误差和混合层高度图
Fig. 16. Results of vertical wind velocity error and mixed layer height
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图 17. 1.8 km和6.7 km处的(a)水平风及(b)小波变换功率谱
Fig. 17. (a) Horizontal wind perturbations and (b)wavelet power spectra measured at 1.8 km and 6.7 km altitude
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图 18. 中国海洋大学相干激光雷达风速测量结果。(a)雷达样机;(b)风速测量结果
Fig. 18. OUC lidar wind velocity measurement results. (a) Lidar prototype; (b) wind velocity measurement results
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表 1多普勒测风激光雷达研究状况
Table1. Research status of Doppler wind lidar
| Detectionmethod | Coherentdetection | Coherentdetection | Coherent detection /direct detection | Coherent detection /direct detection | Directdetection | Directdetection |
|---|
| Wavelength /nm | 10600 | 2000 | 1500 | 1060 | 532 | 355 | | Laser | CO2 | Tm∶YLuAG;Tm,Ho∶YAG | Raman OPO-Nd∶YAG;Er | Nd∶YAG | Nd∶YAG | Nd∶YAG | | Reference | [1] | [2] | [3] | [4] | [4] | [4] | | Detection object | Aerosol | Aerosol | Aerosol | Aerosol | Molecule | Molecule |
|
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表 21.5 μm国外相干激光雷达研究单位及指标
Table2. Research institutes and parameters of 1.5 μm coherent lidar abroad
| Company(year) | Wavelength /μm | Energy /μJ | Pulsewidth /ns | PRF /Hz | Detectionrange /km | Distanceresolution /m | Telescopediameter /mm |
|---|
| Mitsubishi (2001)[37] | 1.540 | 10900 | 228 | 15000 | 5 | - | 100 | | Halo-Photonics (2004)[77] | 1.562 | 1150 | - | - | 8 | - | - | | Mitsubishi (2010)[42] | 1.500 | 5 | 500 | 4000 | 1.5 | 70 | 50 | | FiberTek (2011)[34] | 1.500 | 120 | 800 | 25000 | | | | | Mitsubishi (2012)[47] | 1.550 | 1400 | 580 | 4000 | 30 | 300 | 150 | | SgurrEnergy (2013)[74] | 1.550 | - | - | - | 4 | - | - | | ONERA (2014)[55] | 1.545 | 500 | 650 | 10000 | 16 | 200 | - | | QinetiQ (2015) | 1.500 | - | - | 10000 | 0.2 | 20 | - | | NASA (2016)[30-31] | 1.500 | 240 | 400 | 20000 | 0.4-10 | 15-60 | 101 | | Leosphere (2017) | 1.540 | - | 25-200 | - | 12-14 | 25-200 | - | | LMCT (2017)[29] | 1.617 | 2500±500 | 250±50 | 750 | 15 | 100 | - | | Halo-Photonics (2017) | 1.562 | - | 800 | - | 12 | 18-120 | - |
|
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表 3国内相干激光雷达研究单位及指标
Table3. Research institutes and parameters of coherent Doppler lidar in China
| Company (year) | Wavelength /μm | Energy /μJ | Pulsewidth /ns | PRF /Hz | Detectionrange /km | Distanceresolution /m | Telescopediameter/mm |
|---|
| STIP (2011)[92] | 1.550 | 100 | - | - | 3 | - | - | | SIOM (2012)[94] | 1.540 | 43 | 500 | 10000 | 3 | 75 | 50 | | OUC (2015)[98] | 1.550 | 50 | 400 | 10000 | 4 | 60 | | | USTC (2017)[102] | 1.548 | 100 | 300 | 15625 | 6 | 60 | 80 |
|
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周艳宗, 王冲, 刘燕平, 夏海云. 相干测风激光雷达研究进展和应用[J]. 激光与光电子学进展, 2019, 56(2): 020001. Yanzong Zhou, Chong Wang, Yanping Liu, Haiyun Xia. Research Progress and Application of Coherent Wind Lidar[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2019, 56(2): 020001.
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