Investigation of nonlinear optical properties of rhenium diselenide and its application as a femtosecond mode-locker

Jinho Lee; Kyungtaek Lee; Suhyoung Kwon; Bumsoo Shin; Ju Han Lee

doi:doi:10.1364/PRJ.7.000984

Photonics Research, 2019, 7 (9): 09000984, Published Online: Aug. 8, 2019

Investigation of nonlinear optical properties of rhenium diselenide and its application as a femtosecond mode-locker Download： 603次

Jinho Lee Kyungtaek Lee Suhyoung Kwon Bumsoo Shin Ju Han Lee ^*

Author Affiliations

School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, South Korea

Figures & Tables

Fig. 1. (a) SEM image and (b) EDS spectrum of the prepared ReSe2 particles.

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Fig. 2. (a) AFM image and (b) line profile of the ReSe2 thin film.

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Fig. 3. XPS spectra of the prepared ReSe2/PVA thin film in the (a) Re 4f region, (b) Se 3d region, and (c) C 1s region.

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Fig. 4. (a) Measured Raman spectrum of the ReSe2/PVA thin film. (b) Linear optical absorption spectrum of the ReSe2/PVA composite.

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Fig. 5. (a) Schematic diagram of the Z-scan measurement setup at 1560 nm. BS: beam splitter. (b) Z-scan results for the ReSe2 film using open-aperture (OA) and closed-aperture (CA) Z scan.

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Fig. 6. (a) Schematic of our prepared ReSe2/PVA-deposited side-polished fiber. (b) Measurement setup for nonlinear transmission curves of the ReSe2/PVA-based SA at 1560 nm.

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Fig. 7. Nonlinear transmission curves of the ReSe2/PVA-deposited side-polished fiber: (a) the transverse electric (TE) mode and (b) the transverse magnetic (TM) mode.

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Fig. 8. Experimental configuration of our mode-locked fiber laser.

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Fig. 9. (a) Optical spectrum and (b) an oscilloscope trace of the output pulses. Inset: oscilloscope trace for a narrow span. (c) An oscilloscope trace of the output pulses over a large time scale.

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Fig. 10. (a) Autocorrelation trace and (b) electrical spectrum of the output pulses. Inset: electrical spectrum for a span of 1 GHz.

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Table1. Comparison of Nonlinear Optical Parameters for a Range of TMDCs that Were Measured with the Z-Scan Technique

Sample	NLO Response	$λ$ (nm)	$α_{0} ({cm}^{- 1})$	$β$ (cm/GW)	$n_{2} ({cm}^{2} / GW)$	Reference
${WS}_{2}$	SA^a	800	$8.88 {nm}^{- 1}$	$- (3.7 \pm 0.28) \times 10^{5}$	$8.1 \pm 0.41$	[78]
${WS}_{2}$	SA	1064	NA^c	$- (5.1 \pm 0.26)$	$(5.83 \pm 0.18) \times 10^{- 2}$	[79]
${MoS}_{2}$	SA	1064	NA	$- (3.8 \pm 0.59)$	$(1.88 \pm 0.48) \times 10^{- 3}$	[79]
${WSe}_{2}$	TPA^b	1064	NA	$(1.9 \pm 0.57)$	$- (2.4 \pm 1.23)$	[79]
${Mo}_{0.5} W_{0.5} S_{2}$	TPA	1064	NA	$(1.91 \pm 0.78)$	$- (8.73 \pm 1.47) \times 10^{- 2}$	[79]
${WS}_{2}$ (1–3L)	TPA	1030	$7.17 \times 10^{5}$	$(1.0 \pm 0.8) \times 10^{4}$	NA	[57]
${WS}_{2}$ (18–20L)	TPA	1030	$5.98 \times 10^{5}$	$(3.28 \pm 0.11) \times 10^{3}$	NA	[57]
${WS}_{2}$ (39–41L)	TPA	1030	$8.57 \times 10^{5}$	$(2.75 \pm 0.11) \times 10^{3}$	NA	[57]
${MoS}_{2}$ (25–27L)	TPA	1030	$3.90 \times 10^{4}$	$66 \pm 4$	NA	[57]
${MoS}_{2}$ (72–74L)	SA	1030	$1.89 \times 10^{5}$	$- 250 \pm 50$	NA	[57]
${WS}_{2}$ (1–3L)	TPA	800	$1.08 \times 10^{6}$	$525 \pm 205$	NA	[57]
${WS}_{2}$ (18–20L)	SA	800	$7.22 \times 10^{5}$	$- 397 \pm 40$	NA	[57]
${MoS}_{2}$ (25–27L)	TPA	800	$6.24 \times 10^{4}$	$11.4 \pm 4.3$	NA	[57]
${WS}_{2}$ (1–3L)	SA	515	$5.18 \times 10^{4}$	$- (2.9 \pm 1.0) \times 10^{4}$	NA	[57]
${ReSe}_{2}$	SA	1560	$0.25 \times 10^{3}$	$- (5.67 \pm 0.35) \times 10^{3}$	$- (2.81 \pm 0.13) \times 10^{- 2}$	This work

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Table2. Performance Comparison between the Present Work and Previously Demonstrated Mode-Locked Erbium-Doped Fiber Lasers Incorporating Other Saturable Absorption Materials

Saturable Absorption Materials	SA Threshold Level	Modulation Depth (%)	Wavelength (nm)	3 dB Bandwidth (nm)	Repetition Rate (MHz)	Pulse Width (ps)	Reference
CNT	NA^a	NA	1556.2	3.7	5.88	0.47	[14]
Graphene	NA	NA	1559	5.24	19.9	0.464	[16]
Graphene	NA	NA	1561.6	1.96	6.99	1.3	[17]
GO	53 W^b	5.25	1556.5	8.5	17.09	0.615	[19]
${Bi}_{2} {Te}_{3}$	44 W	15.7	1547	4.63	15.11	0.6	[22]
${Bi}_{2} {Se}_{3}$	$12 MW / {cm}^{2}$ ^c	3.9	1557.5	4.3	12.5	0.66	[23]
${Sb}_{2} {Te}_{3}$	NA	NA	1558.6	1.8	4.75	1.8	[24]
${MoS}_{2}$	$137 MW / {cm}^{2}$	2.7	1556.3	6.1	463	0.935	[26]
${WS}_{2}$	$600 MW / {cm}^{2}$	0.95	1557	2.3	8.86	1.32	[8]
${MoSe}_{2}$	24 W	5.4	1555.6	5.4	15.38	0.798	[28]
${WSe}_{2}$	NA	0.5	1557.6	2.1	5.31	1.25	[30]
${MoTe}_{2}$	NA	1.8	1561	2.4	5.26	1.2	[31]
${WTe}_{2}$	64.6 W	2.85	1556.2	4.14	13.98	0.77	[32]
${SnS}_{2}$	$125 MW / {cm}^{2}$	4.6	1562.01	6.09	29.33	0.623	[33]
${ReS}_{2}$	$74 MW / {cm}^{2}$	0.12	1558.6	1.85	5.4801	1.6	[37]
BP	$6.55 MW / {cm}^{2}$	8.1	1571.45	2.9	5.96	0.946	[46]
Gold nanorod	NA	4.9	1552	3.07	4.762	0.887	[49]
${CoSb}_{3}$	8.7 W	5	1557.9	3.44	22.26	0.73	[52]
${Ti}_{3} CN$	45 W	1.7	1557	5	15.4	0.66	[53]
${ReSe}_{2}$	42 W	3.9	1561.2	3.4	14.97	0.862	This work

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Jinho Lee, Kyungtaek Lee, Suhyoung Kwon, Bumsoo Shin, Ju Han Lee. Investigation of nonlinear optical properties of rhenium diselenide and its application as a femtosecond mode-locker[J]. Photonics Research, 2019, 7(9): 09000984.

Investigation of nonlinear optical properties of rhenium diselenide and its application as a femtosecond mode-locker Download： 603次

Fig. 1. (a) SEM image and (b) EDS spectrum of the prepared ReSe2 particles.

Fig. 2. (a) AFM image and (b) line profile of the ReSe2 thin film.

Fig. 3. XPS spectra of the prepared ReSe2/PVA thin film in the (a) Re 4f region, (b) Se 3d region, and (c) C 1s region.

Fig. 4. (a) Measured Raman spectrum of the ReSe2/PVA thin film. (b) Linear optical absorption spectrum of the ReSe2/PVA composite.

Fig. 5. (a) Schematic diagram of the Z-scan measurement setup at 1560 nm. BS: beam splitter. (b) Z-scan results for the ReSe2 film using open-aperture (OA) and closed-aperture (CA) Z scan.

Fig. 6. (a) Schematic of our prepared ReSe2/PVA-deposited side-polished fiber. (b) Measurement setup for nonlinear transmission curves of the ReSe2/PVA-based SA at 1560 nm.

Fig. 7. Nonlinear transmission curves of the ReSe2/PVA-deposited side-polished fiber: (a) the transverse electric (TE) mode and (b) the transverse magnetic (TM) mode.

Fig. 8. Experimental configuration of our mode-locked fiber laser.

Fig. 9. (a) Optical spectrum and (b) an oscilloscope trace of the output pulses. Inset: oscilloscope trace for a narrow span. (c) An oscilloscope trace of the output pulses over a large time scale.

Fig. 10. (a) Autocorrelation trace and (b) electrical spectrum of the output pulses. Inset: electrical spectrum for a span of 1 GHz.

Table1. Comparison of Nonlinear Optical Parameters for a Range of TMDCs that Were Measured with the Z-Scan Technique

Table2. Performance Comparison between the Present Work and Previously Demonstrated Mode-Locked Erbium-Doped Fiber Lasers Incorporating Other Saturable Absorption Materials

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Investigation of nonlinear optical properties of rhenium diselenide and its application as a femtosecond mode-locker Download： 603次

Fig. 1. (a) SEM image and (b) EDS spectrum of the prepared ReSe2 particles.

Fig. 2. (a) AFM image and (b) line profile of the ReSe2 thin film.

Fig. 3. XPS spectra of the prepared ReSe2/PVA thin film in the (a) Re 4f region, (b) Se 3d region, and (c) C 1s region.

Fig. 4. (a) Measured Raman spectrum of the ReSe2/PVA thin film. (b) Linear optical absorption spectrum of the ReSe2/PVA composite.

Fig. 5. (a) Schematic diagram of the Z-scan measurement setup at 1560 nm. BS: beam splitter. (b) Z-scan results for the ReSe2 film using open-aperture (OA) and closed-aperture (CA) Z scan.

Fig. 6. (a) Schematic of our prepared ReSe2/PVA-deposited side-polished fiber. (b) Measurement setup for nonlinear transmission curves of the ReSe2/PVA-based SA at 1560 nm.

Fig. 7. Nonlinear transmission curves of the ReSe2/PVA-deposited side-polished fiber: (a) the transverse electric (TE) mode and (b) the transverse magnetic (TM) mode.

Fig. 8. Experimental configuration of our mode-locked fiber laser.

Fig. 9. (a) Optical spectrum and (b) an oscilloscope trace of the output pulses. Inset: oscilloscope trace for a narrow span. (c) An oscilloscope trace of the output pulses over a large time scale.

Fig. 10. (a) Autocorrelation trace and (b) electrical spectrum of the output pulses. Inset: electrical spectrum for a span of 1 GHz.

Table1. Comparison of Nonlinear Optical Parameters for a Range of TMDCs that Were Measured with the Z-Scan Technique

Table2. Performance Comparison between the Present Work and Previously Demonstrated Mode-Locked Erbium-Doped Fiber Lasers Incorporating Other Saturable Absorption Materials

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