Chinese Optics Letters, 2020, 18 (2): 021901, Published Online: Jan. 7, 2020
Dynamic relaxation process of a 3D super crystal structure in a Cu:KTN crystal 
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Fig. 1. Variation of relative permittivity against temperature and measurement frequency. Measurement is accomplished by a Tonghui 2830 LCR (inductance, capacitance, resistance) meter with 1Vpp sinusoidal signals at different frequencies. Thermal hysteresis loops are shown because of the crystal’s relaxor ferroelectric. As shown, data at decreasing temperatures are smoother, and as frequency increases, the whole intensity decreases without a change of curve shapes.
Fig. 2. Sketch of the DLS experiment setup. A light beam with a 532 nm wavelength generated by a laser is first polarized and then shot into the crystal sample. After suffering strong diffraction in the sample, the light beam changes its direction. The pinholes and filter behind the sample make sure a light beam with a special direction can get through. Two polarizers with a V-H (vertical and horizontal) setup can pick up the light signal that has been influenced by the super crystal structure. To increase the capturing efficiency of the light signal, a lens is localized in front of the PMT.
Fig. 3. (a)–(c) Diagram of the 3D dynamic super crystal and the X-ray-diffraction-like phenomenon. (a) A diagram of a dynamic 3D super crystal structure full-filling the whole column. Due to 1.52 μm period that is very similar to the wavelength of the incident light beam (532 nm), the diffraction pattern is convenient to observe and analyze. (b) Strong diffraction caused by the dynamic structure. The built-in 1D order (periodical refractive index variety) is also shown. (c) Picture of diffraction pattern captured behind the sample. Spots pointed out by blue circles correspond to the
Quanxin Yang, Xin Zhang, Hongliang Liu, Xuping Wang, Yingying Ren, Shan He, Xiaojin Li, Pengfei Wu. Dynamic relaxation process of a 3D super crystal structure in a Cu:KTN crystal[J]. Chinese Optics Letters, 2020, 18(2): 021901.
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