相干拉曼散射（CRS）技术作为一种重要的无标记化学成像技术，通过相干激发分子协同振动对拉曼散射信号进行增益，显著地提高了成像速度，广泛应用于材料学、生物化学、肿瘤诊断、药代动力学等领域。超快脉冲激光器的出现实现了亚皮秒持续时间的脉冲输出，使得通过脉冲激发实现大量振动模式的同步相干激发成为新的CRS实现途径。从相干拉曼散射基本原理出发，介绍时域相干拉曼散射的主要实现途径，着重讨论时域受激拉曼散射（SRS）和时域相干反斯托克斯拉曼散射（CARS）的最新进展与应用。

水是生物体中含量最多的一种物质，了解生物体内水的分布对于理解水的生理功能来说至关重要。相干反斯托克斯拉曼散射（CARS）作为一种非侵入的成像技术，能够对生物体内的水分子进行实时且免标记的成像。因此，设计并搭建了用于水的CARS被动同步光纤激光器系统，该被动同步系统由掺铒和掺镱锁模光纤激光器构成，通过将主脉冲注入到从激光器腔内引入非对易相移，进而实现无源同步，同步失配距离达到347 μm。结合功率放大技术、倍频技术和脉冲压缩技术，双路输出平均功率分别为146 mW和2 W，脉冲宽度分别为146.0 fs和9.1 ps。使用所搭建的同步光源在3156 cm^-1处对新鲜小鼠耳朵组织进行CARS成像，成像效果良好。该同步光纤光源有望推动CARS技术在快速、实时、高效病理学检测领域的应用。

Multi-photon microscopy (MPM) and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) are two advanced nonlinear optical imaging techniques, which provide complementary information and have great potential in combination for noninvasive in vivo biomedical applications. This paper provides a detailed discussion of the basics, development and applications of these technologies for in vivo skin research, covering the following topics: The principle and advantage of MPM and CARS, instrumentation development for in vivo applications, MPM and CARS of normal skin, application of MPM and CARS in skin cancer and disease diagnosis; application of MPM in skin disease intervention, i.e., imaging guided two-photon photothermolysis.Multi-photon microscopy (MPM) and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) are two advanced nonlinear optical imaging techniques, which provide complementary information and have great potential in combination for noninvasive in vivo biomedical applications. This paper provides a detailed discussion of the basics, development and applications of these technologies for in vivo skin research, covering the following topics: The principle and advantage of MPM and CARS, instrumentation development for in vivo applications, MPM and CARS of normal skin, application of MPM and CARS in skin cancer and disease diagnosis; application of MPM in skin disease intervention, i.e., imaging guided two-photon photothermolysis.

实验展示了一种双色被动同步的全保偏光纤激光器, 该激光器可产生宽带光谱有望用于相干反斯托克斯拉曼散射光谱探测。激光器由掺镱与掺铒的光纤激光器组成, 采用注入式被动同步的方式, 在150 μm腔长失配距离内获得稳定的被动同步状态。其中掺铒激光器由高非线性光纤光谱展宽至1000~1700 nm, 与掺镱激光器输出光在空间中合束后通过和频晶体产生和频信号。被动同步双色光纤激光器可作为相干反斯托克斯拉曼散射的稳定、宽光谱探测超快光源, 有望实现宽光谱多个拉曼峰同时探测。

Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy can resolve the chemical components and distribution of living biological systems in a label-free manner and is favored in several disciplines. Current CARS microscopes typically use bulky, high-performance solid-state lasers, which are expensive and sensitive to environmental changes. With their relatively low cost and environmental sensitivity, supercontinuum fiber (SF) lasers with a small footprint have found increasing use in biomedical applications. Upon these features, in this paper, we homebuilt a lowcost CARS microscope based on a SF laser module (scCARS microscope). This SF laser module is specially customized by adding a time-synchronized seed source channel to the SF laser to form a dual-channel output laser. The performance of the scCARS microscope is evaluated with dimethyl sulfoxide, whose results confirm a spatial resolution of better than 500 nm and a detection sensitivity of millimolar concentrations. The dual-color imaging capability is further demonstrated by imaging different species of mixed microspheres. We finally explore the potential of our scCARS microscope by mapping lipid droplets in different cancer cells and corneal stromal lenses.

利用单个飞秒激光振荡器作为激发源，搭建了光谱聚焦相干反斯托克斯拉曼散射（CARS）显微成像系统，采用SF10材质的玻璃棒对飞秒脉冲引入啁啾，以提高光谱分辨率，实现单一拉曼位移探测。实验以三聚氰胺为样品，开展了光谱聚焦CARS显微成像研究。同时，在光谱聚焦CARS显微成像系统的泵浦和斯托克斯光路中插入半波片，通过旋转半波片角度，进而改变线偏振激发脉冲的偏振方向。并研究了样品特定区域的共振信号/非共振背景的比值随半波片偏转角度的变化趋势，得到了样品特定区域的共振信号/非共振背景的比值最大时半波片的偏转角度。