光频域偏振测量（OFDP）是一种基于扫频激光干涉原理的分布式光纤偏振测试技术，它能够精确获取保偏光纤、器件、组件与光路的偏振特性及其空间分布，实现高性能器件与光路的性能测试与质量评价，以及缺陷分析与故障诊断。OFDP优点是可兼顾超高测量灵敏度、超大测量范围、高精细度、长测量距离、动态快速测量等，已逐渐发展成为性能最优的分布式光纤测量技术之一。本文回顾了OFDP的测量原理，定量分析了分布式偏振串音的测量极限，综述了分布式偏振测试性能提升的若干关键技术，给出了高精度偏振器件与光路的测试典型应用，并讨论了其技术挑战和未来潜在的研究方向。

Polarimetry encompasses a collection of optical techniques broadly used in a variety of fields. Nowadays, such techniques have provided their suitability in the biomedical field through the study of the polarimetric response of biological samples (retardance, dichroism and depolarization) by measuring certain polarimetric observables. One of these features, depolarization, is mainly produced by scattering on samples, which is a predominant effect in turbid media as biological tissues. In turn, retardance and dichroic effects are produced by tissue anisotropies and can lead to depolarization too. Since depolarization is a predominant effect in tissue samples, we focus on studying different depolarization metrics for biomedical applications. We report the suitability of a set of depolarizing observables, the indices of polarimetric purity (IPPs), for biological tissue inspection. We review some results where we demonstrate that IPPs lead to better performance than the depolarization index, which is a well-established and commonly used depolarization observable in the literature. We also provide how IPPs are able to significantly enhance contrast between different tissue structures and even to reveal structures hidden by using standard intensity images. Finally, we also explore the classificatory potential of IPPs and other depolarizing observables for the discrimination of different tissues obtained from ex vivo chicken samples (muscle, tendon, myotendinous junction and bone), reaching accurate models for tissue classification.

Ovarian cancer is one of the most aggressive and heterogeneous female tumors in the world, and serous ovarian cancer (SOC) is of particular concern for being the leading cause of ovarian cancer death. Due to its clinical and biological complexities, ovarian cancer is still considered one of the most difficult tumors to diagnose and manage. In this study, three datasets were assembled, including 30 cases of serous cystadenoma (SCA), 30 cases of serous borderline tumor (SBT), and 45 cases of serous adenocarcinoma (SAC). Mueller matrix microscopy is used to obtain the polarimetry basis parameters (PBPs) of each case, combined with a machine learning (ML) model to derive the polarimetry feature parameters (PFPs) for distinguishing serous ovarian tumor (SOT). The correlation between the mean values of PBPs and the clinicopathological features of serous ovarian cancer was analyzed. The accuracies of PFPs obtained from three types of SOT for identifying dichotomous groups (SCA versus SAC, SCA versus SBT, and SBT versus SAC) were 0.91, 0.92, and 0.8, respectively. The accuracy of PFP for identifying triadic groups (SCA versus SBT versus SAC) was 0.75. Correlation analysis between PBPs and the clinicopathological features of SOC was performed. There were correlations between some PBPs (δ, β, qL, E2, rq_cross, P2, P3, P4, and P5) and clinicopathological features, including the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage, pathological grading, preoperative ascites, malignant ascites, and peritoneal implantation. The research showed that PFPs extracted from polarization images have potential applications in quantitatively differentiating the SOTs. These polarimetry basis parameters related to the clinicopathological features of SOC can be used as prognostic factors.

空间调制型偏振检测技术是利用微偏振片阵列、角向或径向偏振片、涡旋波片等器件对光强分布进行空间调制以实现偏振信息测量的一种技术，具有光路结构简单、稳定性好、测量速度快、精度高等优势，在目标探测识别、工业及生化检测等领域具有重要应用。首先，对各种空间调制型Stokes矢量和Mueller矩阵偏振检测技术的工作原理、技术特点进行综述分析；然后，对近年来发展迅速的基于涡旋波片的空间调制型偏振检测技术进行详细阐述，重点对基于涡旋半波片和1/4波片的Stokes偏振仪、基于双涡旋波片的Mueller矩阵偏振仪的工作原理、检测效果和误差校准等内容进行介绍；最后，对空间调制型偏振检测技术的主要发展趋势进行展望。

斯托克斯偏振测量常被用于获取光束的偏振特性。提出一种利用偏振无关的达曼光栅快照式测量偏振光束斯托克斯参量的方法。偏振光束通过达曼光栅后在空间对称的位置上被分成4束，这4束光经波片和线偏振器调制后，最终被CCD采集。将单次快照采集的光强图简单叠加运算就可计算得到偏振光束的斯托克斯参量，并可进一步计算得到偏振光束的偏振分布、矢量质量因子（VQF）和模间相位。所提测量方法对不同椭圆偏振光的测量结果与商用偏振测量仪的测量结果之间的平均相对误差为6.97%。所提方法的测量装置简单，无需转动任何器件，单次快照就可完成测量，具有可靠的测量精度。