可穿戴设备是能穿在身上, 实时获取人体或环境信息并进行传递和处理的功能设备, 在医疗健康、人工智能、运动娱乐等领域具有广阔的应用前景。随着可穿戴设备的发展, 各类柔性传感器应运而生。基于压电效应的柔性力学传感器因具有感应频率宽、响应快、线性好、自供电等优势而备受关注。然而传统的压电材料多为脆性陶瓷和晶体材料, 限制了其在柔性方面的应用。随着研究的深入, 越来越多的柔性压电材料和压电复合材料不断涌现, 给柔性可穿戴力学器件注入了新的发展活力。本文主要概括了柔性可穿戴压电器件的前沿进展, 包括压电原理、柔性压电材料的制备与性能提升方法。此外, 还详细总结了柔性可穿戴压电设备的主要应用方向, 包括医疗健康和人机交互, 以及遇到的挑战与机遇。

With the rapid technological innovation in materials engineering and device integration, a wide variety of textile-based wearable biosensors have emerged as promising platforms for personalized healthcare, exercise monitoring, and pre-diagnostics. This paper reviews the recent progress in sweat biosensors and sensing systems integrated into textiles for wearable body status monitoring. The mechanisms of biosensors that are commonly adopted for biomarkers analysis are first introduced. The classification, fabrication methods, and applications of textile conductors in different configurations and dimensions are then summarized. Afterward, innovative strategies to achieve efficient sweat collection with textile-based sensing patches are presented, followed by an in-depth discussion on nanoengineering and system integration approaches for the enhancement of sensing performance. Finally, the challenges of textile-based sweat sensing devices associated with the device reusability, washability, stability, and fabrication reproducibility are discussed from the perspective of their practical applications in wearable healthcare.With the rapid technological innovation in materials engineering and device integration, a wide variety of textile-based wearable biosensors have emerged as promising platforms for personalized healthcare, exercise monitoring, and pre-diagnostics. This paper reviews the recent progress in sweat biosensors and sensing systems integrated into textiles for wearable body status monitoring. The mechanisms of biosensors that are commonly adopted for biomarkers analysis are first introduced. The classification, fabrication methods, and applications of textile conductors in different configurations and dimensions are then summarized. Afterward, innovative strategies to achieve efficient sweat collection with textile-based sensing patches are presented, followed by an in-depth discussion on nanoengineering and system integration approaches for the enhancement of sensing performance. Finally, the challenges of textile-based sweat sensing devices associated with the device reusability, washability, stability, and fabrication reproducibility are discussed from the perspective of their practical applications in wearable healthcare.