All-optical PtSe<sub>2</sub> silicon photonic modulator with ultra-high stability

Kangkang Wei; Delong Li; Zhitao Lin; Zhao Cheng; Yuhan Yao; Jia Guo; Yunzheng Wang; Yupeng Zhang; Jianji Dong; Han Zhang; Xinliang Zhang

doi:doi:10.1364/PRJ.392512

Photonics Research, 2020, 8 (7): 07001189, Published Online: Jun. 22, 2020

All-optical PtSe₂ silicon photonic modulator with ultra-high stability Download： 828次

Kangkang Wei ^1†Delong Li ^2†Zhitao Lin ²Zhao Cheng ¹Yuhan Yao ¹Jia Guo ²Yunzheng Wang ²Yupeng Zhang ²Jianji Dong ^1,3,*Han Zhang ^2,4,*Xinliang Zhang ¹

Author Affiliations

¹ Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China

² Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Photonic Information Technology, Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China

³ e-mail: jjdong@mail.hust.edu.cn

⁴ e-mail: hzhang@szu.edu.cn

Figures & Tables

Fig. 1. (a) Optical microscopy image of the CVD grown PtSe2 film. (b) Raman spectrum of PtSe2 film. (c) AFM image of the transferred PtSe2 and the typical height profile along the white dashed line. XPS spectra of (d) the PtSe2 film, (e) the Pt 4f region, and (f) the Se 3d region.

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Fig. 2. (a) Microscope image of the all-optical modulator where PtSe2 film fully covers the whole device. (b) A zoom-in on the part of the MRR shows uniformly transferred thin film. (c) Cross section of the PtSe2-on-silicon structure. (d) Transmission spectra of the MRR without (brown) and with (blue) the PtSe2 film (normalized respectively). (e) All-optical modulation mechanism and experimental setup of the PtSe2-based modulator. TLS, tunable laser source; ASE, amplified spontaneous emission; PC, polarization controller; SMF, single-mode fiber; OSA, optical spectrum analyzer; PD, photodetector; OSCP, oscilloscope.

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Fig. 3. (a) Static spectral response for different pump powers. (b) Measured resonance shift versus pump power and the corresponding linear fitting curves, for pristine PtSe2 device (red) and the device after 3-month air exposure (blue).

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Fig. 4. (a) Pump light with 100 Hz frequency and (b) the corresponding modulated signal light. (c) Several signal waveforms at different frequencies. (d) V_pp versus modulation frequency.

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Fig. 5. Infrared thermograms of the PtSe2 modulator with pump powers of (a) 50 mW and (b) 500 mW. (c) Surface temperature change of the modulator versus pump power.

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Fig. 6. (a) Optical microscopy image of the pure silicon MZI. (b) Static spectral response for different pump powers. (c) Measured resonance shift versus pump power and the corresponding fitting curve.

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Table1. Comparison of Reported All-Optical Modulators Based on the Photothermal Effect of 2D Materials

		Pump Wavelength	Probe Wavelength	Interaction Length	Switching Time	Tuning Efficiency
Material	Structure	(nm)	(nm)	(μm)	(μs)	( $nm \cdot {mW}^{- 1}$ )	Refs.
BP	Silica fiber	980	1550	—	2500	0.0043	[6]
${WS}_{2}$	Silica fiber	980	1550	500	7300	0.0015	[7]
MXene	Silica fiber	980	1550	500	4100	0.0086	[12]
Antimonene	Silica fiber	980	1550	50	2900	0.0162	[53]
Graphene	Silica fiber	980/1540	1550	5000	3200	0.0045	[11]
Graphene	${Si}_{3} N_{4}$ waveguide	1555	1509	43.4	0.253	0.0079	[22]
PtSe₂	Silicon waveguide	980	1550	$\sim 80$	284	0.0040	This work

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Kangkang Wei, Delong Li, Zhitao Lin, Zhao Cheng, Yuhan Yao, Jia Guo, Yunzheng Wang, Yupeng Zhang, Jianji Dong, Han Zhang, Xinliang Zhang. All-optical PtSe₂ silicon photonic modulator with ultra-high stability[J]. Photonics Research, 2020, 8(7): 07001189.

All-optical PtSe₂ silicon photonic modulator with ultra-high stability Download： 828次

Fig. 1. (a) Optical microscopy image of the CVD grown PtSe2 film. (b) Raman spectrum of PtSe2 film. (c) AFM image of the transferred PtSe2 and the typical height profile along the white dashed line. XPS spectra of (d) the PtSe2 film, (e) the Pt 4f region, and (f) the Se 3d region.

Fig. 3. (a) Static spectral response for different pump powers. (b) Measured resonance shift versus pump power and the corresponding linear fitting curves, for pristine PtSe2 device (red) and the device after 3-month air exposure (blue).

Fig. 4. (a) Pump light with 100 Hz frequency and (b) the corresponding modulated signal light. (c) Several signal waveforms at different frequencies. (d) V_pp versus modulation frequency.

Fig. 5. Infrared thermograms of the PtSe2 modulator with pump powers of (a) 50 mW and (b) 500 mW. (c) Surface temperature change of the modulator versus pump power.

Fig. 6. (a) Optical microscopy image of the pure silicon MZI. (b) Static spectral response for different pump powers. (c) Measured resonance shift versus pump power and the corresponding fitting curve.

Table1. Comparison of Reported All-Optical Modulators Based on the Photothermal Effect of 2D Materials

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All-optical PtSe2 silicon photonic modulator with ultra-high stability Download： 828次

Fig. 1. (a) Optical microscopy image of the CVD grown PtSe2 film. (b) Raman spectrum of PtSe2 film. (c) AFM image of the transferred PtSe2 and the typical height profile along the white dashed line. XPS spectra of (d) the PtSe2 film, (e) the Pt 4f region, and (f) the Se 3d region.

Fig. 3. (a) Static spectral response for different pump powers. (b) Measured resonance shift versus pump power and the corresponding linear fitting curves, for pristine PtSe2 device (red) and the device after 3-month air exposure (blue).

Fig. 4. (a) Pump light with 100 Hz frequency and (b) the corresponding modulated signal light. (c) Several signal waveforms at different frequencies. (d) Vpp versus modulation frequency.

Fig. 5. Infrared thermograms of the PtSe2 modulator with pump powers of (a) 50 mW and (b) 500 mW. (c) Surface temperature change of the modulator versus pump power.

Fig. 6. (a) Optical microscopy image of the pure silicon MZI. (b) Static spectral response for different pump powers. (c) Measured resonance shift versus pump power and the corresponding fitting curve.

Table1. Comparison of Reported All-Optical Modulators Based on the Photothermal Effect of 2D Materials

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All-optical PtSe₂ silicon photonic modulator with ultra-high stability Download： 828次

Fig. 4. (a) Pump light with 100 Hz frequency and (b) the corresponding modulated signal light. (c) Several signal waveforms at different frequencies. (d) V_pp versus modulation frequency.