高能粒子与靶材料相互作用主要通过核能损和电子能损两种方式损失能量。电子阻止效应和电子-声子耦合效应是体现电子能损的两种不同机制。准确模拟高能粒子的辐照损伤过程，亟须解决电子能损效应对粒子辐照损伤的影响这一关键科学问题。本文综述了几种关键结构材料在考虑电子能损效应下辐照损伤行为的最新研究进展，阐述了电子阻止效应、电子-声子耦合效应和电子热导率等对辐照缺陷的影响规律，总结了目前电子能损效应对靶材料辐照损伤的影响规律，归纳了高能粒子辐照靶材料研究中存在的问题，并对后续的研究方向进行了展望。

Electron–phonon coupling can tailor electronic transition processes and result in direct lasing far beyond the fluorescence spectrum. The applicable time scales of these kinds of multiphonon-assisted lasers determine their scientific boundaries and further developments, since the response speed of lattice vibrations is much slower than that of electrons. At present, the temporal dynamic behavior of multiphonon-assisted lasers has not yet been explored. Herein, we investigate the Q-switched laser performance of ytterbium-doped YCa4O(BO3)3 (Yb:YCOB) crystal with phonon-assisted emission in nanosecond scales. Using different Q-switchers, the three-phonon-assisted lasers around 1130 nm were realized, and a stable Q-switching was realized in the time domain from submicroseconds to tens of nanoseconds. To the best of our knowledge, this is the longest laser wavelength in all pulse Yb lasers. The minimum pulse width and maximum pulse energy are 29 ns and 204μJ, respectively. These results identify that the electron–phonon coupling is a fast physical process, at least much faster than the present nanosecond pulse width, which supports the operation of multiphonon-assisted lasers in the nanosecond range. In addition, we also provide a simple setup to create pulse lasers at those wavelengths with weak spontaneous emission.

Quantum emitters are widely used in quantum networks, quantum information processing, and quantum sensing due to their excellent optical properties. Compared with Stokes excitation, quantum emitters under anti-Stokes excitation exhibit better performance. In addition to laser cooling and nanoscale thermometry, anti-Stokes excitation can improve the coherence of single-photon sources for advanced quantum technologies. In this review, we follow the recent advances in phonon-assisted upconversion photoluminescence of quantum emitters and discuss the upconversion mechanisms, applications, and prospects for quantum emitters with anti-Stokes excitation.Quantum emitters are widely used in quantum networks, quantum information processing, and quantum sensing due to their excellent optical properties. Compared with Stokes excitation, quantum emitters under anti-Stokes excitation exhibit better performance. In addition to laser cooling and nanoscale thermometry, anti-Stokes excitation can improve the coherence of single-photon sources for advanced quantum technologies. In this review, we follow the recent advances in phonon-assisted upconversion photoluminescence of quantum emitters and discuss the upconversion mechanisms, applications, and prospects for quantum emitters with anti-Stokes excitation.

Moiré patterns in physics are interference fringes produced when a periodic template is stacked on another similar one with different displacement and twist angles. The phonon in two-dimensional (2D) material affected by moiré patterns in the lattice shows various novel physical phenomena, such as frequency shift, different linewidth, and mediation to the superconductivity. This review gives a brief overview of phonons in 2D moiré superlattice. First, we introduce the theory of the moiré phonon modes based on a continuum approach using the elastic theory and discuss the effect of the moiré pattern on phonons in 2D materials such as graphene and MoS₂. Then, we discuss the electron–phonon coupling (EPC) modulated by moiré patterns, which can be detected by the spectroscopy methods. Furthermore, the phonon-mediated unconventional superconductivity in 2D moiré superlattice is introduced. The theory of phonon-mediated superconductivity in moiré superlattice sets up a general framework, which promises to predict the response of superconductivity to various perturbations, such as disorder, magnetic field, and electric displacement field.Moiré patterns in physics are interference fringes produced when a periodic template is stacked on another similar one with different displacement and twist angles. The phonon in two-dimensional (2D) material affected by moiré patterns in the lattice shows various novel physical phenomena, such as frequency shift, different linewidth, and mediation to the superconductivity. This review gives a brief overview of phonons in 2D moiré superlattice. First, we introduce the theory of the moiré phonon modes based on a continuum approach using the elastic theory and discuss the effect of the moiré pattern on phonons in 2D materials such as graphene and MoS₂. Then, we discuss the electron–phonon coupling (EPC) modulated by moiré patterns, which can be detected by the spectroscopy methods. Furthermore, the phonon-mediated unconventional superconductivity in 2D moiré superlattice is introduced. The theory of phonon-mediated superconductivity in moiré superlattice sets up a general framework, which promises to predict the response of superconductivity to various perturbations, such as disorder, magnetic field, and electric displacement field.

宽带近红外荧光粉转换型LED光源在医学成像、食品检测以及传感等领域展现出了巨大的应用前景，该类光源的光谱和效率与所用近红外荧光粉的性能紧密相关，Cr³⁺离子激活的近红外发光材料具有可被蓝光有效激发、发射光谱可调等优点，因此得到了重点关注。本文采用高温固相法制备了NaAlP₂O₇∶Cr³⁺宽带近红外发光荧光粉，该材料在450 nm蓝光激发下，发射出650~1 000 nm的近红外光，峰值位于780 nm，半高宽为 1 580 cm^-1；其在423 K下的发光强度能够维持室温下的71%，表现出良好的发光热稳定性。对材料的晶体结构和变温光谱（8~503 K）进行了系统的分析，计算得到了Cr³⁺离子在NaAlP₂O₇基质中的晶体场强度等参数；利用8 K低温光谱，并结合计算，分析了Cr³⁺各能级零声子线；基于高温变温光谱，讨论了材料的电?声子耦合效应及荧光热猝灭机理。

线性多烯分子具有高强度且信息丰富的共振拉曼光谱, 在生物学、 光电材料和医学等方面都有一定应用。 而含有共轭双键的短链β胡萝卜素分子是多烯分子中极具有代表性的分子。 在激发光作用下π电子与CC键振动相互作用影响着吸收光谱和拉曼光谱, 而共振拉曼效应和电子-声子耦合影响着共振拉曼光谱的强度、 频率和线型。 测量了β胡罗卜素分子在二氯乙烷中283~223 K温度范围内的紫外-可见吸收和共振拉曼光谱。 研究了共振效应和电子-声子耦合对吸收光谱和拉曼光谱的变化所起的作用。 获得随着温度的降低, 黄昆因子减小, 表明CC键的振动减弱, 分子体系能量减小, 吸收峰红移; 随着温度的降低, 分子有序性提高, 电子-声子耦合强度增加, 增强了电子能隙对CC键振动的调制作用, 拉曼模频率向低波数方向移动, 即拉曼光谱红移; 同时, 经过计算发现随着温度的降低, β胡萝卜素分子C—C和C=C的拉曼散射截面增加, 线宽变窄, 倍频与基频强度比增加。 对比和分析了共振效应和电子-声子耦合作用对拉曼光谱的拉曼散射截面、 线宽和倍频与基频强度比的影响。 虽然共振效应和电子-声子耦合作用在不同温度下对拉曼光谱都有一定影响, 但研究发现不同温度下共振效应对拉曼光谱的影响要大于电子-声子耦合, 且电子-声子耦合对谐波的影响更小。 这是由于随着温度的降低, 发生红移的紫外可见吸收光谱, 使拉曼光谱中514.5 nm激发光更接近00吸收峰, 明显的增强了分子的共振效应, 使其拉曼散射截面, 线宽, 倍频与基频强度比随温度有很大变化。 该研究对共振效应和电子-声子耦合的研究为研究温度对胡萝卜素等线性多烯分子性质的影响提供一定实验和理论依据。