Moiré materials, composed of two single-layer two-dimensional semiconductors, are important because they are good platforms for studying strongly correlated physics. Among them, moiré materials based on transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have been intensively studied. The hetero-bilayer can support moiré interlayer excitons if there is a small twist angle or small lattice constant difference between the TMDs in the hetero-bilayer and form a type-II band alignment. The coupling of moiré interlayer excitons to cavity modes can induce exotic phenomena. Here, we review recent advances in the coupling of moiré interlayer excitons to cavities, and comment on the current difficulties and possible future research directions in this field.Moiré materials, composed of two single-layer two-dimensional semiconductors, are important because they are good platforms for studying strongly correlated physics. Among them, moiré materials based on transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have been intensively studied. The hetero-bilayer can support moiré interlayer excitons if there is a small twist angle or small lattice constant difference between the TMDs in the hetero-bilayer and form a type-II band alignment. The coupling of moiré interlayer excitons to cavity modes can induce exotic phenomena. Here, we review recent advances in the coupling of moiré interlayer excitons to cavities, and comment on the current difficulties and possible future research directions in this field.

The quest for realizing novel fundamental physical effects and practical applications in ambient conditions has led to tremendous interest in microcavity exciton polaritons working in the strong coupling regime at room temperature. In the past few decades, a wide range of novel semiconductor systems supporting robust exciton polaritons have emerged, which has led to the realization of various fascinating phenomena and practical applications. This paper aims to review recent theoretical and experimental developments of exciton polaritons operating at room temperature, and includes a comprehensive theoretical background, descriptions of intriguing phenomena observed in various physical systems, as well as accounts of optoelectronic applications. Specifically, an in-depth review of physical systems achieving room temperature exciton polaritons will be presented, including the early development of ZnO and GaN microcavities and other emerging systems such as organics, halide perovskite semiconductors, carbon nanotubes, and transition metal dichalcogenides. Finally, a perspective of outlooking future developments will be elaborated.

二维过渡金属硫族化合物的直接带隙、大跃迁偶极矩、强激子结合能、可范德华集成和谷极化特性，使其在激子-极化激元研究与应用中显示出巨大潜力。当激发粒子密度达到一定程度时，激子-极化激元可通过受激散射凝聚成单个宏观量子态（玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚态），它们不受粒子数反转的限制，可实现超低阈值激光。同时结合其谷极化特性，可为强耦合状态的谷电子学应用如光自旋开关和谷极化双稳态器件等提供潜在应用。分别对二维过渡金属硫族化合物中的激子-极化激元、谷极化激子-极化激元和激子-极化激元的玻色爱因斯坦凝聚的研究进展进行了系统综述，最后总结分析了未来实现二维激子-极化激元激光需解决的关键科学问题并对其发展进行了展望。

在硅基GaN⁃LED上成功制备了不同形状和不同尺寸的微盘。通过角分辨光谱研究了圆形和不同尺寸的六边形微盘中光与激子的耦合作用。证明了微盘中共振模式的数量和强度对光与激子间的耦合作用的影响，为实现室温下GaN微盘的激子极化激元提供了依据。

当激子与腔光子间的相互作用强于激子和腔光子的衰减时，激子能级与腔模之间产生强耦合，形成的准粒子被称为激子极化激元。激子极化激元有效质量小，同时具有较强的非线性，在慢光和低功耗发光器件等方面具有巨大的应用前景。传统Ⅲ-Ⅴ族无机半导体材料激子束缚能较弱，而有机半导体材料非线性系数较小等问题限制着室温条件下激子极化激元的应用。卤化物钙钛矿材料具有高吸收系数、长扩散长度、高缺陷容忍度以及低非辐射复合率等一系列优异的光电性质，并且具有高的激子束缚能和振子强度，成为研究光与物质强相互作用的理想材料。文中从卤化物钙钛矿结构和法布里-珀罗（Fabry-Pérot, F-P）微腔类型两方面介绍了近年来卤化物钙钛矿与F-P微腔强耦合在激子极化激元方面的研究进展。首先回顾了极化激元的研究背景和卤化物钙钛矿的基本光电特性，其次介绍了三维钙钛矿和二维层状钙钛矿各自的特点以及与F-P微腔强耦合的相关研究，随后对钙钛矿的自构型和非自构型F-P微腔激子极化激元的调控与相关应用进行了讨论，最后总结和展望了卤化物钙钛矿激子极化激元面临的挑战以及未来研究方向。