Overview: Since the groundbreaking discovery of gravitational waves, the scientific community has fervently pursued the exploration of low-frequency gravitational waves to glean deeper insights into the cosmos. The inherent limitations of ground-based conditions, however, pose formidable challenges for detectors in capturing gravitational waves below the 1 Hz threshold. Consequently, the imperative has shifted toward the deployment of space-based gravitational wave detectors as the paramount solution for effective low-frequency gravitational wave detection. At the crux of space-based gravitational wave detection lies the pivotal role of spaceborne telescopes. Given the expansive transmission distances spanning magnitudes of 10⁹ m between celestial constellations, the demand for nanoradian-level precision in telescope pointing accuracy becomes non-negotiable. The concomitant necessity for high-precision measurements and calibration emerges as a prerequisite for achieving the exacting standards of pointing accuracy in spaceborne telescopes dedicated to gravitational wave detection. To ameliorate the deleterious effects of pointing deviations on gravitational wave detection, this study strategically optimizes key parameters, including microlens structures, detector selection, and algorithmic frameworks, thereby achieving a breakthrough in high-precision pointing deviation measurements. Leveraging a low-density microlens array with extended sub-aperture focal lengths enhances the spatial scale of the light spot within each sub-aperture. This, coupled with detectors boasting a high signal-to-noise ratio, synergistically elevates the pointing detection accuracy of each discrete lens. Moreover, the paper introduces an innovative, Hartmann principle-based methodology for high-precision pointing deviation measurements, deploying a spatially reused paradigm across multiple sub-apertures. By aggregating measurement results from diverse sub-apertures, the approach effectively mitigates the influence of assorted random errors on measurement accuracy, thereby markedly enhancing the precision of pointing deviation measurements. Illustrating the efficacy of these methodologies, the paper exemplifies their application within the ambit of the "Tianqin Plan" for space-based gravitational wave detection. Employing numerical simulations and factoring in the design parameters of the Hartmann sensor, the study performs a meticulous analysis of pointing deviation measurement accuracy. Comparative analysis between single sub-aperture and sub-aperture correlation reuse technologies reveals a compelling enhancement in measurement accuracy, approximating a sevenfold improvement with the latter. The pointing deviation measurement accuracy achieved through sub-aperture correlation reuse technology is quantified at approximately 18.81 nanoradians. Considering the optical magnification inherent in spaceborne telescopes, estimated at around 30 times, the resultant pointing deviation measurement accuracy reaches an impressive 0.62 nanoradians. This design precision significantly surpasses the stipulated 1 nanoradian accuracy requirement for ground-based gravitational wave pointing deviation measurements. As a prudential measure, the proposed design incorporates a substantial margin to accommodate potential accuracy diminution attributable to external perturbations during empirical testing.

太赫兹波具有高穿透性、低能性及指纹谱性等特征，被广泛应用于探测领域，因此，设计太赫兹波成像光学系统具有重要的意义和广泛的应用前景。首先，以四块透镜构成的天塞物镜为参考结构，应用近轴光学系统像差理论构建系统像差平衡方程，给出了系统初始结构参数求解函数和方法，再结合光学设计软件进一步校正系统像差，最终设计了一种用于太赫兹波探测的大孔径光学成像系统。该光学系统由4块同轴折射透镜构成，焦距为70 mm，F数为1.4，全视场角为8°，在奈奎斯特频率10 lp/mm处全视场角范围内的调制传递函数（MTF）值均大于0.32，各视场内的弥散斑均方根（RMS）半径均小于艾里斑半径。最后对系统各种公差进行分析和讨论。设计结果表明，本文设计的太赫兹波探测光学成像系统具有孔径大、结构简单且紧凑、成像质量较好且加工性易于实现等特点，满足设计要求，它在太赫兹波段高分辨率探测领域具有重要应用价值。

微波功率模块（MPM）是真空电子器件和固态电子器件组合而成的一种新型微波功率器件，具有频率高、频带宽、功率大、体积重量小等特点，它使常规行波管的应用变得更加便利和广泛。现代战争向雷达、电子战综合一体化方向发展，这就要求功放既能工作在高峰值功率、低占空比的高模工作方式，也能工作在低峰值功率、准连续波的低模工作方式，针对这一需求，结合电子系统收发共孔径的要求，提出了T/R双模MPM技术。T/R双模MPM技术的核心是T/R双模行波管，基于三端口双向T/R行波管，通过在慢波系统的衰减器附近设置一个耦合口，实现行波管的信号反向接收功能；通过T/R双模行波管设计、双模放大均衡组件、双调制栅极电源等技术实现MPM的双模双向功能。T/R双模MPM应用前景广阔，特别是在基于无人机平台的作战应用中的具有明显优势。

大孔径折反射成像系统被广泛应用于机器人导航和安全监控等领域。首先分析了超大视场光学系统六阶波像差理论应用于非球面光学系统的像差计算方法, 随后基于该六阶波像差理论, 构建了非球面大孔径折反射成像系统像差优化评价目标函数, 并给出了求解这种包含多个光学参量的目标函数的优化算法, 得到优化后的系统结构参数。最后, 应用所提方法设计了一款工作波段为400～700 nm、最大视场角为120°、F 数为2.6且成像质量较好的光学系统。设计案例的结果表明所提出方法是有效的, 为非球面大孔径折反射成像系统像差优化提供了一种有效手段。